Carbon & Tool Steels (EN8 / EN9 / 1045 / 1055 / D2) – Exotic
Metals
LLP
These grades are characterized by their carbon content,
which dictates their hardenability and suitability for high-impact or high-wear
applications.
Carbon & Tool Steel Grades
- EN8 (1045) / EN9 (1055): Unalloyed medium-carbon steels. EN8 is a versatile
general-purpose engineering steel, while EN9 offers higher carbon content for better
surface hardness and wear resistance—ideal for sprockets and cams
- D2 Tool Steel: A high-carbon, high-chromium "cold-work" tool steel. It is prized for
its extreme hardness and abrasive wear resistance, commonly used in cutting dies and
rollers
Mechanical Properties (Condition: Normalized)
| Grade |
Tensile (MPa) |
Yield (MPa) |
Hardness (HB) |
| EN8 (1045) |
≥ 550 |
≥ 280 |
201–255 |
| EN9 (1055) |
≥ 700 |
≥ 355 |
200–260 |
| D2 (Annealed) |
— |
— |
≈ 255 Max |
High-Tensile Alloy Steels (EN19 / EN24 / 4140 / 4340)
These "Chromoly" and Nickel-Chrome-Moly alloys provide a
superior combination of strength and ductility.
Alloy Steel Grades
- EN19 / 4140: Chromium-Molybdenum steels. They are known for their high fatigue
strength and resistance to shock, widely used in the Oil & Gas and automotive
sectors for axles and drill collars
- EN24 / 4340: Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum steels. The addition of Nickel significantly
increases toughness and hardenability, allowing these grades to maintain high
strength in very large cross-sections
Specialized Bearing & Case-Hardening (EN31 / EN36 / EN47)
These grades are specifically alloyed with small amounts
of Palladium or Nickel/Molybdenum to enhance resistance to reducing acids and
crevice corrosion.
Specialty Engineering Steel Grades
- EN31 (High Carbon Chrome): Primarily used for ball and roller bearings. It achieves
a high uniform hardness and exceptional resistance to deformation
- EN36: A Nickel-Chromium case-hardening steel. It is designed to provide a glass-hard
surface for wear resistance while maintaining a very tough, ductile core to resist
shock—ideal for heavy-duty gears
- EN47 (Spring Steel): A Chromium-Vanadium alloy used for high-stress springs and
engine valve springs, offering excellent fatigue life
Pressure Vessel & Boiler Grades (P11 / P22 / P1 / P12)
These grades belong to the ASTM A335 specification for
seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe, designed specifically for high-temperature
service in power plants and refineries.
Chrome-Moly Pipe Grades
- P11 / P12: 1%–1.25% Cr alloys for moderate temperature and pressure
- P22: 2.25% Cr alloy, the industry standard for high-temperature steam lines
(500°C–600°C)
Chemical Composition (%)
| Grade |
Cr |
Mo |
Typical Use |
| P11 |
1.00–1.50 |
0.44–0.65 |
Standard Boilers |
| P22 |
1.90–2.60 |
0.87–1.13 |
Power Gen Steam |
Weight Chart: Round Bar
| Diameter |
EN8/1045 (Density 7.85) |
EN19/4140 (Density 7.82) |
| 20 mm |
2.47 |
2.46 |
| 50 mm |
15.41 |
15.35 |
| 100 mm |
61.65 |
61.41 |
| 150 mm |
138.71 |
138.18 |
Product Availability for Exotic Metals LLP
- Bars: Round, Square, and Hex bars available in Black, Peeled, or Ground finishes
- Piping: P11 and P22 Seamless Pipe from 1/2" to 24" NB
- Forgings: Forged Rings, Blocks, and custom-machined shafts for industrial gearboxes
